The impact of a short-term high-fat diet on mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species production, and dynamics in oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles of young rats

Leduc-Gaudet, J. P., Reynaud, O., Chabot, F., Mercier, J., Andrich, D. E., St-Pierre, D. H. et Gouspillou, G. (2018). The impact of a short-term high-fat diet on mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species production, and dynamics in oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles of young rats. Physiological Reports, 6 (4). ISSN 2051-817X DOI 10.14814/phy2.13548

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Résumé

Multiple aspects of mitochondrial function and dynamics remain poorly studied in the skeletal muscle of pediatric models in response to a short-term high-fat diet (HFD). This study investigated the impact of a short-term HFD on mitochondrial function and dynamics in the oxidative soleus (SOL) and glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in young rats. Young male Wistar rats were submitted to either HFD or normal chow (NCD) diets for 14 days. Permeabilized myofibers from SOL and EDL were prepared to assess mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The expression and content of protein involved in mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics (fusion/fission) were also quantified. While no effects of HFD was observed on mitochondrial respiration when classical complex I and II substrates were used, both SOL and EDL of rats submitted to a HFD displayed higher basal and ADP-stimulated respiration rates when Malate + Palmitoyl-L-carnitine were used as substrates. HFD did not alter ROS production and markers of mitochondrial content. The expression of CPT1b was significantly increased in SOL and EDL of HFD rats. Although the expression of UCP3 was increased in SOL and EDL muscles from HFD rats, mitochondrial coupling efficiency was not altered. In SOL of HFD rats, the transcript levels of Mfn2 and Fis1 were significantly upregulated. The expression and content of proteins regulating mitochondrial dynamics was not modulated by HFD in the EDL. Finally, DRP1 protein content was increased by over fourfold in the SOL of HFD rats. Taken altogether, our findings show that exposing young animals to short-term HFD results in an increased capacity of skeletal muscle mitochondria to oxidize fatty acids, without altering ROS production, coupling efficiency, and mitochondrial content. Our results also highlight that the impact of HFD on mitochondrial dynamics appears to be muscle specific.

Type de document:	Article
Mots-clés libres:	High-fat feeding Lipid metabolism Mitochondria Mitochondrial fission Proton transporting adenosine triphosphate synthase Reactive oxygen metabolite Fatty acid Ucp3 protein, rat Uncoupling protein 3 Animal experiment Animal tissue Article Body weight Breathing rate Controlled study Energy expenditure Extensor digitorum longus muscle Fatty acid transport Gene expression Immunoblotting Lipid diet Lung gas exchange Male Mitochondrial dynamics Mitochondrial respiration Nonhuman Oxidative phosphorylation Oxygen consumption Protein content Protein expression Rat Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction RNA extraction Skeletal muscle Soleus muscle Animal Cell respiration Glycolysis Lipid peroxidation Metabolism Muscle mitochondrion Wistar rat Animals Diet, High-Fat Fatty Acids Mitochondria, Muscle Muscle, Skeletal Rats Rats, Wistar Reactive Oxygen Species
Date de dépôt:	10 juill. 2023 17:53
Dernière modification:	10 juill. 2023 17:53
Version du document déposé:	Version officielle de l'éditeur
URI:	https://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/10700

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